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OBJECTIVE@#To review the diagnosis of chronic wound biofilms and discuss current treatment approaches.@*DATA SOURCES@#Articles included in this review were obtained from the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before August 2019 with keywords including chronic wound, biofilm, bacterial biofilms, and chronic wound infection.@*STUDY SELECTION@#Relevant articles were selected by carefully reading the titles and abstracts. Further, different diagnosis and clinical treatment methods for chronic wound biofilm were compared and summarized from the selected published articles.@*RESULTS@#Recent guidelines on medical biofilms stated that approaches such as the use of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy are the most reliable types of diagnostic techniques. Further, therapeutic strategies include debridement, negative pressure wound therapy, ultrasound, antibiotic, silver-containing dressing, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and others.@*CONCLUSION@#This review provides the identification and management of biofilms, and it can be used as a tool by clinicians for a better understanding of biofilms and translating research to develop best clinical practices.
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Objective@#To review the diagnosis of chronic wound biofilms and discuss current treatment approaches.@*Data sources@#Articles included in this review were obtained from the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before August 2019 with keywords including chronic wound, biofilm, bacterial biofilms, and chronic wound infection.@*Study selection@#Relevant articles were selected by carefully reading the titles and abstracts. Further, different diagnosis and clinical treatment methods for chronic wound biofilm were compared and summarized from the selected published articles.@*Results@#Recent guidelines on medical biofilms stated that approaches such as the use of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy are the most reliable types of diagnostic techniques. Further, therapeutic strategies include debridement, negative pressure wound therapy, ultrasound, antibiotic, silver-containing dressing, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and others.@*Conclusion@#This review provides the identification and management of biofilms, and it can be used as a tool by clinicians for a better understanding of biofilms and translating research to develop best clinical practices.
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Objective:To explore the inhibitory effect of moxibustion on tumor growth and metastasis, and also its possible mechanism, in gastric tumor-bearing rats by investigating the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Methods:Fifty healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (half male and half female) were routinely housed for 1 week. A total of 20 rats were randomly divided into a blank group and a sham operation group, with 10 rats in each group. The remaining 30 rats were used to make gastric cancer models by implantation of ascites-type Walker-256 cancer cells. After successful modeling, rats were randomly divided into a model group, a moxibustion group and an infrared group, with 10 rats in each group. From the day of modeling, the body weight of each group was weighed every 4 days. Warm moxibustion was alternately performed at two-group acupoints [Zhongwan (CV 12), Guanyuan (CV 4) and bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) in one group, and bilateral Pishu (BL 20) and Weishu (BL 21) in another group] in the moxibustion group. The body surface projection area of the stomach was irradiated with short-wave infrared rays in the infrared group, once a day, 20 min per time for 21 d. At the end of the treatment, the gastric tumor was completely dissected, and the tumor volume and tumor growth inhibition rate were calculated. Then the gastric tumor cell metastasis was recorded. The levels of VEGF and EGF in rat gastric tumor tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:Compared with the blank group, the body weight of the model group decreased significantly after modeling (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the rats in the moxibustion group had increased body weight during the middle and late stages (bothP<0.05). The tumor volumes of rats in the moxibustion group and the infrared group were smaller than the volume in the model group (bothP<0.05). The tumor growth inhibition rate in the moxibustion group was significantly higher than that in the infrared group (P<0.05). The case number of tumor metastasis in the moxibustion group was smaller than that in the model group and the infrared group. The VEGF level in the tumor tissues of the model group was statistically significantly higher than that in the blank group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the VEGF levels in the moxibustion group and the infrared group were statistically significantly lower (bothP<0.05). The EGF levels in the tumor tissues of the model group was statistically significantly lower than that in the blank group (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the EGF levels in the moxibustion group and the infrared group were statistically significantly increased (bothP<0.05). Conclusion:Moxibustion can increase the body weight, inhibit the tumor growth, invasion and metastasis in gastric tumor-bearing rats, which may be related to the regulation of VEGF and EGF expressions in tumor tissues.
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[Objective]To determine whether all-blastocyst-culture can benefit elderly infertile patients with low ovarian reserve.[Methods]To retrospectively analyze elderly patients with low ovarian reserve undergoing IVF/ICSI in Reproductive Medicine Re?search Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from May 2016 to April 2017.We divide them into group A (All-blastocyst-culture)and group B(None-blastocyst-culture)based on different culture approach of D3 transferrable embryo. To compare the cumulative biochemical pregnancy rate ,cumulative clinical pregnancy rate between them.[Results]A total of 231 eligi?ble patients are included,with130 in group A and 101 in group B. The basic conditions of the two groups show no difference. Cumula?tive biochemical pregnancy rate/clinical pregnancy rate in group A is higher than that of group B ,though the difference is not statisti?cally significant(P>0.05). After removing patients who did not undergo embryo transfer due to failure in blastocyst culture ,the cumu?lative biochemical pregnancy rate/clinical pregnancy rate in group A is significantly higher than group B(P<0.05). Multivariate analy?sis of the patient′s basic condition and the outcome of blastocyst culture showed that the number of D3 transferrable embryo was a risk factor for the failure of blastocyst culture(OR=0.277,95%CI:0.103~0.744,P<0.05).[Conclusion]All-blastocyst-culture will not adversely affect the pregnancy outcome of elderly infertile patients with low ovarian reserve. On the contrary ,once they obtain transfer?rable embryos, pregnancy outcome in All-Blastocyst-Culture group are better than None-Blastocyst-Culture group. A small number of D3 transferrable embryo is a risk factor for failure to culture blastocyst. If the patients were fully informed consent ,we can consider implementing all-blastocyst-culture for elderly infertile patients with low ovarian reserve.